Maintenance

Detailed analysis of the total cost of ownership (TCO) consisting of all costs related to both purchasing and operating the vehicle. This TCO analysis builds on previous work to provide a comprehensive perspective of all relevant vehicle costs of ownership. In this report, we present what we believe to be the most comprehensive explicit financial analysis of the costs that will be incurred by a vehicle owner. This study considers vehicle cost and depreciation, financing, fuel costs, insurance costs, maintenance and repair costs, taxes and fees, and other operational costs to formulate a holistic total cost of ownership and operation of multiple different vehicles. For each of these cost parameters that together constitute a comprehensive TCO, extensive literature review and data analysis were performed to find representative values in order to build a holistic TCO for vehicles of all size classes. The light- and heavy-duty vehicles selected for analysis in this report are representative of those that are on the road today and expected to be available in the future. Table ES-1 summarizes the main parameters in this study, including the cost components which comprise TCO, the sizes and vocations of vehicles which are analyzed, the powertrains of these vehicles, and the model year for analysis of both current and future vehicles.

A techno-economic model is developed based on road-load simulation results expressed in relation to slip energy (SE) at the tire–pavement interface and the repair and maintenance (R&M) cost obtained from published sources and data from state agencies. Tire SE allows for the consideration of aggressive acceleration and deceleration, high torque conditions (for instance, driving an upslope grade), and roadway curvature. Tire SE data used in this effort were generated using physics-based simulation models of different vehicle types for arrays of road conditions (e.g., grades, curvatures) and driving cycles (i.e., vehicle speed profiles). R&M costs were estimated for various vehicle categories and accumulated vehicle mileage. The approach is based on relating the probability density functions (PDFs) of SE and R&M costs. Asymptotic series expansion for an incomplete gamma function was used to approximate the gamma functions and to determine the gamma ratio function that is used as the coefficient to SE to estimate R&M costs. The average R&M cost per mile results from the model compared with the arithmetic mean R&M cost data from fleet operators and published data. The model can serve as a method for predicting R&M cost as a function of road load to vehicle fleet.

TRL Report R7456 - Excellent report describing a study into maintenance relationships with data from India, Indonesia and Ghana

Report describing vehicle maintenance and repair relationships.

A report on the study to obtain better vehicle maintenance cost relationships for HDM-4. Report describes the data collection and preliminary analysis of Indonesia maintenance cost data.

A report on the study to obtain better vehicle maintenance cost relationships for HDM-4. Report describes the data collection and preliminary analysis of Indian maintenance cost data.

A report on the study to obtain better vehicle maintenance cost relationships for HDM-4. Report describes the data collection and preliminary analysis of Ghanain maintenance cost data.

Memo describing revisions to parts model parameters

Memo describing issues with parts modelling

Original proposal for HDM-4 maintenance cost modelling

Report presenting initial proposal for how to model vehicle maintenance and repair costs.